Dental X-Rays and When They Are Needed

Dental X-rays help a dentist evaluate areas that cannot be seen directly during an examination. They may reveal information about teeth, roots, or surrounding bone.

What an image can show

A visual exam shows the surfaces of your teeth. Depending on the image taken, an X-ray may show:

• Decay between teeth or under an existing restoration
• Bone levels around the teeth
• Changes at the root of a tooth
• Teeth that have not erupted into a normal position
• The position of developing teeth in children

Types of dental X-rays

• Bitewing — shows the crowns of upper and lower teeth in one area.
• Periapical — shows an entire tooth from crown to root tip.
• Panoramic — a single broad image of the jaws and surrounding structures.
• Cone beam CT (3D) — a three-dimensional scan that may be useful for selected implant or surgical cases. It is not needed at every appointment.

Radiation

Dental imaging uses radiation. Your dentist considers the diagnostic benefit and selects appropriate images while limiting exposure. Ask why an image is recommended and whether previous images are available.

How often will I need them?

There is no single schedule for everyone. Your age, symptoms, oral health, and history affect when imaging is useful.

At your visit

Ask your dental team about the imaging procedures used at your visit. Follow their instructions for positioning and preparation.

For more on how imaging fits into an appointment, see dental exams and checkups and dental technology.